檢視 Ubuntu 的原始碼

'''Ubuntu'''是一種[[Linux]]作業系統。

== 移除 ==

目前社群的建議都是先移除掉Snap：

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
sudo apt purge -y snapd
</syntaxhighlight>

並且關閉廣告訊息：

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
sudo pro config set apt_news=false
</syntaxhighlight>

然後刪除ESM的廣告：

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
sudo rm -f /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20apt-esm-hook.conf
</syntaxhighlight>

== 安裝 ==

=== apt ===

先更新系統的套件庫以及系統：

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
sudo apt update; sudo apt upgrade -y
</syntaxhighlight>

這邊列出常用的套件：

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
sudo apt install -y apache2-utils apt-transport-https bash-completion bpfcc-tools build-essential curl dnsutils dstat git jq locales moreutils most mtr-tiny net-tools netcat p7zip-full pigz prometheus-node-exporter rsync sharutils software-properties-common sysstat telnet unrar unzip vim-nox wget zstd; sudo apt clean
</syntaxhighlight>

跳板機會多裝這些：

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
sudo apt install -y byobu keychain mosh zsh zsh-syntax-highlighting; sudo apt clean
</syntaxhighlight>

開發機可以裝這些：

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
sudo apt install -y build-essential byobu cmake cvs debhelper default-jdk devscripts git-flow golang mercurial nasm python3-minimal subversion; sudo apt clean
</syntaxhighlight>

== 設定 ==

有些機器沒有對應的locale，可以讓系統產生：

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
sudo locale-gen en_US.UTF-8 zh_TW.UTF-8
</syntaxhighlight>

在VPS或是雲端上的機器通常會利用swapfile增加一些記憶體使用空間：

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
sudo fallocate -l 512M /swapfile; sudo chmod 600 /swapfile; sudo mkswap /swapfile; sudo swapon /swapfile; echo '/swapfile none swap sw 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
</syntaxhighlight>

但還是要避免使用到Swap：

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
echo "vm.swappiness=1" | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-vm.conf; sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-vm.conf
</syntaxhighlight>

然後設定TCP BBR，需要Linux Kernel 4.9+（如果是Ubuntu 16.04，預設是4.4，會需要安裝<code>linux-image-generic-hwe-16.04</code>）：

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
echo -e "net.core.default_qdisc=fq\nnet.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=bbr" | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-tcp.conf; sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-tcp.conf
</syntaxhighlight>

如果無法使用TCP BBR，可以改用Westwood：

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
echo -e "net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=westwood" | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-tcp.conf; sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-tcp.conf
</syntaxhighlight>

== 使用者 ==

這邊是增加我自己的帳號（以及[[Sudo]]權限），然後設定密碼：

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
echo "gslin ALL = (ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" | sudo tee /etc/sudoers.d/gslin; sudo useradd -g staff -G adm,sudo -m -s /bin/bash gslin; sudo passwd gslin
</syntaxhighlight>

== 總結 ==

一般性的快速安裝：

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
sudo fallocate -l 512M /swapfile; sudo chmod 600 /swapfile; sudo mkswap /swapfile; sudo swapon /swapfile; echo '/swapfile none swap sw 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab; echo "vm.swappiness=1" | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-vm.conf; sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-vm.conf; echo -e "net.core.default_qdisc=fq\nnet.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=bbr" | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-tcp.conf; sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-tcp.conf; sudo pro config set apt_news=false; sudo rm -f /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20apt-esm-hook.conf; sudo apt update; sudo apt purge -y snapd; sudo apt dist-upgrade -y; sudo apt install -y apache2-utils apt-transport-https bash-completion bpfcc-tools build-essential curl dnsutils dstat git jq locales moreutils most mtr-tiny net-tools netcat p7zip-full pigz prometheus-node-exporter rsync sharutils software-properties-common sysstat telnet unrar unzip vim-nox wget zstd; sudo apt clean; sudo locale-gen en_US.UTF-8 zh_TW.UTF-8
</syntaxhighlight>

== 外部連結 ==

* {{Official|https://www.ubuntu.com/}} {{en}}

[[Category:軟體]]