Ubuntu

Ubuntu是一种Linux作业系统。

移除

目前社群的建议都是先移除掉Snap：

sudo apt purge -y snapd; sudo apt autoremove --purge -y; sudo apt clean

并且移除掉Ubuntu Pro的广告：

sudo systemctl disable apt-news.service; sudo systemctl disable esm-cache.service; sudo mv /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20apt-esm-hook.conf /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20apt-esm-hook.conf.bak

安装

apt

先更新系统的套件库以及系统：

sudo apt update; sudo apt upgrade -y

这边列出常用的套件：

sudo apt install -y apache2-utils apt-transport-https aptitude bash-completion bpfcc-tools build-essential curl dnsutils dstat git git-lfs jc jq locales moreutils most mtr-tiny net-tools netcat-openbsd p7zip-full pigz prometheus-node-exporter rsync sharutils software-properties-common sysstat telnet ubuntu-minimal unrar unzip vim-nox vim-scripts wget zstd; sudo apt clean

另外建议每台机器都把除错用的套件装起来，遇到状况时可以马上处理：

sudo apt install -y bpfcc-tools bpftrace cpuid ethtool gdb iproute2 linux-tools-common msr-tools nicstat numactl procps sysstat tcpdump tiptop trace-cmd util-linux; sudo apt clean

在Ubuntu 24.04上面没有cpuid与msr-tools，所以变成：

sudo apt install -y bpfcc-tools bpftrace ethtool gdb iproute2 linux-tools-common nicstat numactl procps sysstat tcpdump tiptop trace-cmd util-linux; sudo apt clean

跳板机会多装这些：

sudo apt install -y byobu keychain mosh zsh zsh-syntax-highlighting; sudo apt clean

开发机可以装这些，要注意这边装的是系统的版本，可能会偏旧：

sudo apt install -y build-essential bison byobu cmake creduce cvs debhelper default-jdk devscripts git-flow golang hub mercurial nasm python3-minimal subversion tig; sudo apt clean

设定

有些机器没有对应的locale，可以让系统产生：

sudo locale-gen en_US.UTF-8 zh_TW.UTF-8

在VPS或是云端上的机器通常会利用swapfile增加一些记忆体使用空间：

sudo fallocate -l 512M /swapfile; sudo chmod 600 /swapfile; sudo mkswap /swapfile; sudo swapon /swapfile; echo '/swapfile none swap sw 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab

但还是要避免使用到Swap：

echo "vm.swappiness=1" | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-vm.conf; sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-vm.conf

然后设定TCP BBR，需要Linux Kernel 4.9+（如果是Ubuntu 16.04，预设是4.4，会需要安装linux-image-generic-hwe-16.04）：

echo -e "net.core.default_qdisc=fq\nnet.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=bbr" | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-tcp.conf; sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-tcp.conf

如果无法使用TCP BBR，可以改用Westwood：

echo -e "net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=westwood" | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-tcp.conf; sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-tcp.conf

Vim打开secure-modelines：

echo -e "set runtimepath+=/usr/share/vim/vimfiles/pack/dist-bundle/opt/secure-modelines\npackadd! secure-modelines" | sudo tee /etc/vim/vimrc.local

使用者

这边是增加我自己的帐号（以及Sudo权限），然后设定密码：

echo "gslin ALL = (ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" | sudo tee /etc/sudoers.d/gslin; sudo useradd -g staff -G adm,sudo -m -s /bin/bash gslin; sudo passwd gslin

总结

一般性的快速安装：

sudo fallocate -l 512M /swapfile; sudo chmod 600 /swapfile; sudo mkswap /swapfile; sudo swapon /swapfile; echo '/swapfile none swap sw 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab; echo "vm.swappiness=1" | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-vm.conf; sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-vm.conf; echo -e "net.core.default_qdisc=fq\nnet.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=bbr" | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-tcp.conf; sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-tcp.conf; sudo apt purge -y snapd; sudo systemctl disable apt-news.service; sudo systemctl disable esm-cache.service; sudo mv /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20apt-esm-hook.conf /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20apt-esm-hook.conf.bak; sudo apt update; sudo apt dist-upgrade -y; sudo apt install -y apache2-utils apt-transport-https aptitude bash-completion bpfcc-tools bpfcc-tools bpftrace build-essential cpuid curl dnsutils dstat ethtool gdb git iproute2 jc jq linux-tools-common locales moreutils most msr-tools mtr-tiny net-tools netcat-openbsd nicstat numactl p7zip-full pigz procps prometheus-node-exporter rsync sharutils software-properties-common sysstat sysstat tcpdump telnet tig tiptop trace-cmd ubuntu-minimal unrar unzip util-linux vim-nox vim-scripts wget zstd; sudo apt autoremove --purge -y; sudo apt clean; sudo locale-gen en_US.UTF-8 zh_TW.UTF-8; echo -e "set runtimepath+=/usr/share/vim/vimfiles/pack/dist-bundle/opt/secure-modelines\npackadd! secure-modelines" | sudo tee /etc/vim/vimrc.local

Ubuntu 24.04上面没有cpuid与msr-tools，所以变成：

sudo fallocate -l 512M /swapfile; sudo chmod 600 /swapfile; sudo mkswap /swapfile; sudo swapon /swapfile; echo '/swapfile none swap sw 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab; echo "vm.swappiness=1" | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-vm.conf; sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-vm.conf; echo -e "net.core.default_qdisc=fq\nnet.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=bbr" | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-tcp.conf; sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-tcp.conf; sudo apt purge -y snapd; sudo systemctl disable apt-news.service; sudo systemctl disable esm-cache.service; sudo mv /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20apt-esm-hook.conf /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20apt-esm-hook.conf.bak; sudo apt update; sudo apt dist-upgrade -y; sudo apt install -y apache2-utils apt-transport-https aptitude bash-completion bpfcc-tools bpfcc-tools bpftrace build-essential curl dnsutils dstat ethtool gdb git iproute2 jc jq linux-tools-common locales moreutils most mtr-tiny net-tools netcat-openbsd nicstat numactl p7zip-full pigz procps prometheus-node-exporter rsync sharutils software-properties-common sysstat sysstat tcpdump telnet tig tiptop trace-cmd ubuntu-minimal unrar unzip util-linux vim-nox vim-scripts wget zstd; sudo apt autoremove --purge -y; sudo apt clean; sudo locale-gen en_US.UTF-8 zh_TW.UTF-8; echo -e "set runtimepath+=/usr/share/vim/vimfiles/pack/dist-bundle/opt/secure-modelines\npackadd! secure-modelines" | sudo tee /etc/vim/vimrc.local

伺服器的部分可以停掉自动更新：

sudo apt purge -y unattended-upgrades; sudo systemctl disable apt-daily.timer; sudo systemctl disable --now packagekit.service

外部连结

• 官方网站 （英文）