Ubuntu：修订间差异

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'''Ubuntu'''是一種[[Linux]]作業系統。
'''Ubuntu'''是一種[[Linux]]作業系統。
== 移除 ==
目前社群的建議都是先移除掉Snap：
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
sudo apt purge -y snapd
</syntaxhighlight>
並且關閉廣告訊息：
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
sudo pro config set apt_news=false
</syntaxhighlight>
然後刪除ESM的廣告：
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
sudo rm -f /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20apt-esm-hook.conf
</syntaxhighlight>


== 安裝 ==
== 安裝 ==
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=== apt ===
=== apt ===


 先更新系統的套件庫：
 先更新系統的套件庫 以及系統 ：


<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
sudo apt update
sudo apt update; sudo apt upgrade -y
</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>


第14行： 第34行：


<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
sudo apt install -y apache2-utils apt-transport-https build-essential curl dnsutils dstat git jq locales moreutils most mtr-tiny net-tools p7zip-full pigz rsync sharutils software-properties-common sysstat unrar unzip vim-nox wget zsh zsh-syntax-highlighting; sudo apt clean
sudo apt install -y apache2-utils apt-transport-https bash-completion bpfcc-tools build-essential curl dnsutils dstat git jq locales moreutils most mtr-tiny net-tools netcat p7zip-full pigz prometheus-node-exporter rsync sharutils software-properties-common sysstat telnet unrar unzip vim-nox wget zstd; sudo apt clean
</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>


第20行： 第40行：


<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
sudo apt install -y keychain mosh; sudo apt clean
sudo apt install -y byobu keychain mosh zsh zsh-syntax-highlighting; sudo apt clean
</syntaxhighlight>
 
開發機可以裝這些：
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
sudo apt install -y build-essential byobu cmake cvs debhelper default-jdk devscripts git-flow golang mercurial nasm python3-minimal subversion; sudo apt clean
</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>


第35行： 第61行：
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
sudo fallocate -l 512M /swapfile; sudo chmod 600 /swapfile; sudo mkswap /swapfile; sudo swapon /swapfile; echo '/swapfile none swap sw 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
sudo fallocate -l 512M /swapfile; sudo chmod 600 /swapfile; sudo mkswap /swapfile; sudo swapon /swapfile; echo '/swapfile none swap sw 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
</syntaxhighlight>
但還是要避免使用到Swap：
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
echo "vm.swappiness=1" | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-vm.conf; sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-vm.conf
</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>


第54行： 第86行：


<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
echo "gslin ALL = (ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" | tee /etc/sudoers.d/gslin; sudo useradd -g staff -G adm,sudo -m -s /bin/zsh gslin; sudo passwd gslin
echo "gslin ALL = (ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" | sudo tee /etc/sudoers.d/gslin; sudo useradd -g staff -G adm,sudo -m -s /bin/bash gslin; sudo passwd gslin
</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>


== 總結 ==
== 總結 ==
一般性的快速安裝：


<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
sudo fallocate -l 512M /swapfile; sudo chmod 600 /swapfile; sudo mkswap /swapfile; sudo swapon /swapfile; echo '/swapfile none swap sw 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab; echo -e "net.core.default_qdisc=fq\nnet.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=bbr" | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-tcp.conf; sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-tcp.conf; sudo apt update; sudo apt install -y apache2-utils apt-transport-https build-essential curl dnsutils dstat git jq locales moreutils most mtr-tiny net-tools p7zip-full pigz rsync sharutils software-properties-common sysstat unrar unzip vim-nox wget zsh zsh-syntax-highlighting; sudo apt clean
sudo fallocate -l 512M /swapfile; sudo chmod 600 /swapfile; sudo mkswap /swapfile; sudo swapon /swapfile; echo '/swapfile none swap sw 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab; echo "vm.swappiness=1" | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-vm.conf; sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-vm.conf; echo -e "net.core.default_qdisc=fq\nnet.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=bbr" | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-tcp.conf; sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-tcp.conf; sudo pro config set apt_news=false; sudo rm -f /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20apt-esm-hook.conf; sudo apt update; sudo apt purge -y snapd; sudo apt dist-upgrade -y; sudo apt install -y apache2-utils apt-transport-https bash-completion bpfcc-tools build-essential curl dnsutils dstat git jq locales moreutils most mtr-tiny net-tools netcat p7zip-full pigz prometheus-node-exporter rsync sharutils software-properties-common sysstat telnet unrar unzip vim-nox wget zstd; sudo apt clean; sudo locale-gen en_US.UTF-8 zh_TW.UTF-8
</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>


2023年5月26日 (五) 14:40的版本

Ubuntu是一种Linux作业系统。

移除

目前社群的建议都是先移除掉Snap： 

sudo apt purge -y snapd

并且关闭广告讯息： 

sudo pro config set apt_news=false

然后删除ESM的广告： 

sudo rm -f /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20apt-esm-hook.conf

安装

apt

先更新系统的套件库以及系统： 

sudo apt update; sudo apt upgrade -y

这边列出常用的套件： 

sudo apt install -y apache2-utils apt-transport-https bash-completion bpfcc-tools build-essential curl dnsutils dstat git jq locales moreutils most mtr-tiny net-tools netcat p7zip-full pigz prometheus-node-exporter rsync sharutils software-properties-common sysstat telnet unrar unzip vim-nox wget zstd; sudo apt clean

跳板机会多装这些： 

sudo apt install -y byobu keychain mosh zsh zsh-syntax-highlighting; sudo apt clean

开发机可以装这些： 

sudo apt install -y build-essential byobu cmake cvs debhelper default-jdk devscripts git-flow golang mercurial nasm python3-minimal subversion; sudo apt clean

设定

有些机器没有对应的locale，可以让系统产生： 

sudo locale-gen en_US.UTF-8 zh_TW.UTF-8

在VPS或是云端上的机器通常会利用swapfile增加一些记忆体使用空间： 

sudo fallocate -l 512M /swapfile; sudo chmod 600 /swapfile; sudo mkswap /swapfile; sudo swapon /swapfile; echo '/swapfile none swap sw 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab

但还是要避免使用到Swap： 

echo "vm.swappiness=1" | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-vm.conf; sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-vm.conf

然后设定TCP BBR，需要Linux Kernel 4.9+（如果是Ubuntu 16.04，预设是4.4，会需要安装linux-image-generic-hwe-16.04）： 

echo -e "net.core.default_qdisc=fq\nnet.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=bbr" | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-tcp.conf; sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-tcp.conf

如果无法使用TCP BBR，可以改用Westwood： 

echo -e "net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=westwood" | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-tcp.conf; sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-tcp.conf

使用者

这边是增加我自己的帐号（以及Sudo权限），然后设定密码： 

echo "gslin ALL = (ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" | sudo tee /etc/sudoers.d/gslin; sudo useradd -g staff -G adm,sudo -m -s /bin/bash gslin; sudo passwd gslin

总结

一般性的快速安装： 

sudo fallocate -l 512M /swapfile; sudo chmod 600 /swapfile; sudo mkswap /swapfile; sudo swapon /swapfile; echo '/swapfile none swap sw 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab; echo "vm.swappiness=1" | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-vm.conf; sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-vm.conf; echo -e "net.core.default_qdisc=fq\nnet.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=bbr" | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-tcp.conf; sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-tcp.conf; sudo pro config set apt_news=false; sudo rm -f /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20apt-esm-hook.conf; sudo apt update; sudo apt purge -y snapd; sudo apt dist-upgrade -y; sudo apt install -y apache2-utils apt-transport-https bash-completion bpfcc-tools build-essential curl dnsutils dstat git jq locales moreutils most mtr-tiny net-tools netcat p7zip-full pigz prometheus-node-exporter rsync sharutils software-properties-common sysstat telnet unrar unzip vim-nox wget zstd; sudo apt clean; sudo locale-gen en_US.UTF-8 zh_TW.UTF-8

外部连结

取自“https://wiki.gslin.org/index.php?title=Ubuntu&oldid=4639”